1975

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Years:	1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Decades:	1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
Centuries:	19th Century - 20th century - 21st century

1975 by topic:
Arts	Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music - Television
Science and technology	Archaeology - Aviation - Rail transport - Radio - Science
Countries	Australia - Canada - India - Ireland - South Africa
Other	Births - Deaths - Sport - State leaders - Religious leaders - Video gaming

1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar).

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Events

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January

January 1 - Watergate scandal: John N. Mitchell, H. R. Haldeman, John D. Ehrlichman are found guilty of the Watergate cover-up
January 2 - The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by Congress
January 5 - The Tasman Bridge in Tasmania, Australia, is struck by the bulk ore carrier Lake Illawarra, killing twelve people.
January 7 - OPEC agrees to raise crude oil prices by 10%.
January 8 - Ella Grasso becomes Governor of Connecticut, becoming the first woman to serve as a Governor in the United States who did not succeed her husband
January 10 - Japanese soldier Teruo Nakamura surrenders on the Indonesian Island of Morota
January 14 - 17 year old heiress Lesley Whittle is kidnapped from her home in Shropshire, England by the Black Panther.
January 20 - Michael Ovitz founds Creative Artists Agency
January 29 - Weather Underground bombs US State Department main office in Washington D.C.
January - Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer

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February

February 4 - The first successfully predicted earthquake occurred in Haicheng, Liaoning, China.
February 9 - The Soyuz 17 Soviet spacecraft returns to Earth.
February 11 - Margaret Thatcher defeats Edward Heath for the leadership of the UK Conservative Party in the United Kingdom.
February 21 - Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are sentenced to between 30 months and 8 years in prison
February 23 - In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving time commences nearly two months early in the United States.
February 26 - a fleeing IRA terrorist shoots dead off-duty London police officer Stephen Tibble, 22, as he gives chase
February 27 - Movement 2 June kidnaps West German politician Peter Lorenz. He is released on March 4 after most of the kidnappers' demands are met
February 28 - A major tube train crash at Moorgate station, London kills 43 people.
February 28 - In Lomé, the capital of Togo, the European Economic Community and 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries sign a financial and economic treaty, known as the first Lomé Convention.

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March

March 1 - Color television transmissions begin in Australia
March 4 - Charlie Chaplin is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
March 6 - Algiers Accord - Iran and Iraq announce a settlement over their border dispute.
March 6 - A bomb explodes in the Paris offices of the Springer Press. The "6 March Group" (connected to the Red Army Faction) demands amnesty for the "Baader-Meinhof Group"
March 7 - The body of teenage heiress Lesley Whittle, kidnapped seven weeks earlier by the Black Panther is discovered in Staffordshire, England
March 8 - United Nations begin sponsoring the International Women's Day.
March 9 - Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System begins
March 10 - Vietnam War: North Vietnamese troops attack Ban Me Thout, South Vietnam, on their way to capturing Saigon.
March 15 - In Brazil, the Estado da Guanabara (State of Guanabara) merges with the state of Rio de Janeiro, under the name of Rio de Janeiro. The state's capital moves from the city of Niterói to the city of Rio de Janeiro.
March 25 - King Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a nephew with a history of mental illness - the killer is beheaded on June 18.
March 28 - A fire in the maternity wing at Kucic Hospital in Rijeka, Yugoslavia, kills 25 babies

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April-May

Vietnam civilians try to board a US helicopter on an apartment rooftop in Saigon, April 29, 1975, a day before the Fall of Saigon.

April 3 - Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title.
April 4 - Vietnam War: The first military Operation Babylift flight, C5A 80218, crashes 27 minutes after takeoff. 138 die and 176 live.
April 13 - An attack by Phalangists on a Palestinian bus in Ain El Remmeneh, Lebanon sparks over 15 years of civil war.
April 17 - Pol Pot proclaims the "Democratic Republic of Kampuchea" in Cambodia and becomes its Prime Minister (1975–1979).
April 24 - Six Red Army Faction terrorists take over West German embassy in Stockholm, take 11 hostages and demand the release of the group's jailed members. Shortly after they are captured by Swedish police.
April 25 - Vietnam War: As North Vietnamese forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost ten years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.
April 30 - Vietnam War: The Vietnam War ends as Communist forces take Saigon and South Vietnam surrenders unconditionally.
May 12 - Mayaguez incident: The Cambodian navy seizes the American merchant ship SS Mayaguez in international waters.
May 15 - Mayaguez incident: The American merchant ship Mayaguez, seized by Cambodian forces, is rescued by U.S. Navy and Marines. 38 Americans are killed.
May 16 - India annexes Sikkim
May 16 - Junko Tabei becomes the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest
May 28 - 15 West African countries sign the Treaty of Lagos, creating the Economic Community of West African States.
May 30 - 1972 Olympic runner Steve Prefontaine dies in a car accident.

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June-July

June 5 - The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the Six-Day War
June 5 - The United Kingdom votes yes in a referendum on staying in the European Community
June 9 - Order of Australia (OA) awarded for 1st time
June 19 - Lord Lucan found guilty in absentia of the murder of the nanny Sandra Rivett
June 25 - Mozambique gains independence from Portugal
June 26 - Two FBI agents and one member of AIM die in a shootout in Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota
July 1 - Australian Postmaster's General Department is divided into Telecom Australia and Australia Post.
July 4 - Sydney newspaper publisher Juanita Nielsen disappears, and is presumed to have been murdered.
July 5 - Cape Verde gains independence after 500 years of Portuguese rule
July 6 - The Comoros declare their independence from France
July 12 - São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal
July 17 - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations
July 31 - In Detroit, Michigan, Teamsters Union president Jimmy Hoffa is reported missing.

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August

August 8 - The Banqiao Dam, in China's Henan Province, fails after a freak typhoon. Over 200,000 people perish.
August 8 - Samuel Bronfman, son of the president of Seagrams, is kidnapped in Purchase, New York
August 11 - British Leyland comes under British government control
August 11 - Mário Lemos Pires, Governor of Portuguese Timor, abandons the capital Dili following UDT coup and outbreak of civil war between UDT and Fretilin.
August 15 - Birmingham Six wrongfully sentenced to life imprisonment
August 15 - Mujibur Rahman, president of Bangladesh, is killed during a coup
August 20 - Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars
August 24 - Officers responsible for the military coup in Greece in 1967 are sentenced to death in Athens. The sentences are later commuted to [[life imprisonment] ]

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September

September 5 - In Sacramento, California, Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, a follower of incarcerated cult leader Charles Manson, attempts to assassinate US President Gerald Ford, but is thwarted by a Secret Service agent.
September 14 - Rembrandt's painting "The Night Watch" is slashed a dozen times at a gallery in Amsterdam.
September 15 - The French department of Corse, comprising the entire island of Corsica, is divided into two departments: Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud.
September 20 - End of term for Tuanku Al-Mutassimu Billahi Muhibbudin Sultan Abdul Halim Al-Muadzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah as the 5th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
September 21 - Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, Sultan of Kelantan becomes the 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
September 22 - President Gerald Ford survives a second assassination attempt, this time by Sara Jane Moore
September 30 - Hughes Helicopters (later McDonnell-Douglas, now Boeing IDS) AH-64 Apache made its first flight.

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October

October 9 - A bomb explosion outside Green Park tube station near Piccadilly in London kills 1 and injures 20.
October 16 - Five Australian-based journalists are killed at Balibo by Indonesian forces during an incursion into Portuguese Timor.
October 27 – 18-year-old Robert Poulin begins shooting in St. Pius X High School in Ottawa, Canada and then shoots himself, killing 1 and wounding 5.
October 29 - Peter Sutcliffe (the "Yorkshire Ripper") commits his first murder, Wilma McCann.
October 30 - Prince Juan Carlos becomes King of Spain after dictator Francisco Franco concedes that he is too ill to govern.

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November

Sir John Kerr, Governor-General of Austrlia with newly appointed Prime Minsiter of Austrlia, Malcom Fraser.

November 3 - An independent audit of Mattel, of the United States largest toy manufacturers, reveals that company officials fabricated press releases and financial information to "maintain the appearance of continued corporate growth."
November 3 - First oil pipeline opens from Cruder Bay to Grangemouth
November 6 - Green March begins: 300,000 unarmed Moroccans converge on the southern city of Tarfaya and wait for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into Western Sahara
November 10 - United Nations Resolution 3379: With a vote of 72 to 35 (with 32 abstentions), the United Nations General Assembly approves a resolution equating Zionism with racism. The resolution provokes an outcry among Jews around the world.
November 10 - The 729-foot-long freighter (then, the largest ship on the Great Lakes) SS Edmund Fitzgerald sinks during a storm 17 miles from the entrance to Whitefish Bay on Lake Superior, killing all 29 crew on board
November 11 - Angola becomes independent from Portugal (a deadly civil war soon erupts)
November 11 - Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam and commissions Malcolm Fraser as Prime Minister
November 11 - First annual Vogalonga rowing "race" in Venice, Italy
November 14 - Spain abandons Western Sahara
November 22 - Juan Carlos is declared King of Spain following the death of dictator Francisco Franco.
November 25 - Suriname gains independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands
November 25 - Irish Republican Army outlawed in Great Britain
November 25 - Surinam gains independence from the Netherlands
November 27 - Ross McWhirter, the co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records, is shot dead by the IRA for offering reward money to informers
November 28 - Portuguese Timor declares its independence from Portugal as East Timor
November 29 - The name "Micro-soft" (for microcomputer software) is used by Bill Gates in a letter to Paul Allen for the first time (Microsoft became a registered trademark on November 26, 1976).

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December

December 7 - East Timor invaded by Indonesia.
December 21 - Left-wing terrorists, including Carlos (the Jackal), kidnap delegates of an OPEC conference in Vienna. They kill three hostages, extort $5 million ransom and escape into the Middle East.
December 29 - A bomb explodes at LaGuardia Airport killing 11.

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Unknown dates

In New Zealand, Maori leader Whina Cooper leads a march of 5000 people in support of Maori claims to their land
The Third Cod War between UK and Iceland lasted between November 1975 - June 1976
Government of Colombia announces finding of Ciudad Perdida
Spanish army quits Spanish (Western) Sahara. Saharaui Republic (RASD) is created. Morocco invades ex-Spanish Western Sahara.
First use of the term fractal
Victoria (Australia) abolishes capital punishment
South Australia becomes first Australian state to decriminalize homosexual acts between consenting adults
Self-proclaimed time traveller John Titor arrives to acquire an IBM 5100 for use in 2036
MIND opens
In May, rock singer Peter Gabriel announces that he is leaving British progressive rock band Genesis after their successful The Lamb Lies Down On Broadway tour.
Jehovah's Witnesses claimed that Armageddon would happen in 1975 and many of them sold their houses and businesses to prepare for the new world of paradise on earth which they believe will exist when Jesus comes back.