Recreational Activities
Caves
What
are Caves?
Caves are cavities in the earth formed by any of a variety of geological processes.
Some are mere hollows created by the erosion action of the wind, running water,
or waves. Lava caves form when the interior of an advancing lava flow remains
molten and moves from underneath the cooled, hardened lava surface, leaving behind
a sinuous tube. Most solution caves are formed in limestone because it is abundant
and its main mineral constituent, calcite, is relatively soluble.
According to cave scientists or "speleologists," the cycle of cave formation
begins when rain water becomes mildly acidic by absorbing carbon dioxide from
the air and soil. If the bedrock through which this water passes is limestone
the rock minerals may dissolve to form a cave.
- Before you go. . . . Preparation for caving trip
Make sure that you have obtained the proper permission or permits from
the land owners.
- Notify a responsible person that you are going caving, giving the name
and location of the cave. Also state the approximate expected time of return.
Should you run into car problems, etc. please make every effort to reach
a phone so that an unnecessary rescue attempt does not result.
- Have a responsible leader and sufficient experienced cavers on the trip.
- Every person should be sure to include the following items on the trip
- Three sources of light: lamp (carbide or electric), waterproof flashlight,
and a third source such as a waterproof penlight. Candles are not recommended
as they drip unsightly wax on cave walls and floors and are easily blown
out.
- Hard hat with chin strap and mounted lamp.
- Good boots that provide ankle support and Vibram-type soles are recommended.
Avoid leather soles which are slippery, and tennis shoes which allow the
foot to be crushed between rocks.
- Sufficient fresh water for personal use - at least a quart. Never assume
that any water found in a southern Arizona cave is safe for drinking.
- Sealable container for "used" carbide
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