March 23

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March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). There are 283 days remaining.

1 Events
2 Births
- 2.1 1429 to 1899
- 2.2 1900 to 1999
3 Deaths
4 Holidays and observances
5 External links

[edit]

Events

752 - Stephen II becomes Pope.
1568 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. Again Catherine de Medici and Charles IX of France make substantial concessions to the Huguenots.
1708 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth.
1775 - American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his famous speech - "give me liberty or give me death" at St. John's Church in Richmond, Virginia.
1801 - Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death in his bedroom at St. Michael Palace.
1806 - After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their "Corps of Discovery" begin their arduous journey home.
1839 - First recorded use of "OK" as an abbreviation for "oll korrect" in the Boston Morning Post.
1848 - The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded.
1857 - Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway, New York City.
- Death of Emile L'Angelier in Glasgow, Scotland -- possibly by the hand of Madeleine Smith.
1868 - The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
1889 - Land run: President Benjamin Harrison opens Oklahoma to white settlement starting on April 22.
- The free Woolwich Ferry officially opens in east London.
1903 - The Wright Brothers apply for a patent on their invention of one of the first successful airplanes after much hard work.
1909 - Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
1919 - In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.
1931 - Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt embrace the gallows during the Indian struggle for independence. Their request to be shot by a firing squad is refused.
1933 - The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.
1935 - Signing of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
1940 - The Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or the then Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the All India Muslim League.
1942 - World War II: In the Indian Ocean, Japanese forces capture the Andaman Islands.
1956 - Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic in the world.
1962 - NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, was launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace initiative.
1963 - In London, United Kingdom, Grethe & Jørgen Ingmann win the eighth Eurovision Song Contest for Denmark singing "Dansevise" (Dancing tune).
1965 - NASA launches Gemini 3, the United States' first two-man space flight (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).
1978 - The first UNIFIL troops arrived in Lebanon for peacekeeping mission along the Blue Line.
1983 - Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.
1989 - Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann announce cold fusion at the University of Utah.
- A 1,000-foot diameter Near-Earth asteroid misses the Earth by 400,000 miles.
1994 - At an election rally in Tijuana, Mexican presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio is assassinated by Mario Aburto Martínez.
1996 - Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses Lee Teng-hui as President
1999 - Gunmen assassinate Paraguay's Vice President Luis María Argaña.
2001 - The Russian Mir space station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji.
- The World Wrestling Federation (WWF) (now World Wrestling Entertainment) purchases rival organization World Championship Wrestling (WCW) for an estimated $5 million.
2003 - In Nasiriyah, Iraq, 18 U.S. Marines are killed during the first major conflict of Operation Iraqi Freedom
2004 - Andhra Pradesh Federation of Trade Unions holds its first conference in Hyderabad, India.
2005 - The United States 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, in a 2-1 decision, refuses to order the reinsertion of Terri Schiavo's feeding tube.

[edit]

Births

[edit]

1429 to 1899

1429 - Margaret of Anjou, queen of Henry VI of England (d. 1482)
1638 - Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1731)
1699 - John Bartram, American botanist (d. 1777)
1723 - Agha Mohammad Khan Ghajar, King of Iran (d. 1771)
1749 - Pierre Simon de Laplace, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1827)
1754 - Baron Jurij Vega, Slovenian mathematician, physicist, and artillery officer (d. 1802)
1769 - William Smith, English geologist and cartographer (d. 1839)
1823 - Schuyler Colfax, Vice President of the United States (d. 1885)
1831 - Eduard Schlagintweit, German writer (d. 1866)
1834 - Julius Reubke, German composer (d. 1858)
1858 - Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1941)
1878 - Franz Schreker, Austrian composer (d. 1934)
1881 - Roger Martin du Gard, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- Hermann Staudinger, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
1882 - Emmy Noether, German mathematician (d. 1935)
1887 - Juan Gris, Spanish painter and graphic artist (d. 1927)
- Prince Felix Yussupov, Russian assassin of Rasputin (d. 1967)
1899 - Dora Gerson, German-Jewish film actress, cabaret singer, and Holocaust victim (d. 1943)

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1900 to 1999

1900 - Erich Fromm, German-born psychoanalyst (d. 1980)
1905 - Lale Andersen, German singer and cabaretist (d. 1972)
- Joan Crawford, American actress (d. 1977)
1907 - Daniel Bovet, Swiss scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1992)
1910 - Akira Kurosawa, Japanese film director (d. 1998)
1912 - Betty Astell, British actress (d. 2005)
- Wernher von Braun, German-born physicist and engineer (d. 1977)
1915 - Vasily Zaitsev, Russian World War II hero (d. 1991)
1929 - Sir Roger Bannister, British runner
1931 - Viktor Korchnoi, Russian chess player
1934 - Mark Rydell, American film and television director
1937 - Craig Breedlove, land speed record holder
1938 - Maynard Jackson, American politician (d. 2003)
1942 - Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure (d. 1980)
1949 - Ric Ocasek, musician (The Cars)
1950 - Anthony De Longis, American actor
1951 - Corinne Clery, French actress
1952 - Kim Stanley Robinson, American author
1953 - Bo Diaz, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1990)
- Chaka Khan, American singer
1955 - Moses Malone, American basketball player
1956 - José Manuel Durão Barroso, Portuguese politician, president of the European Commission
1957 - Amanda Plummer, American actress
1960 - Nicol Stephen, Deputy First Minister of Scotland
1961 - Helmi Johannes, Indonesian television newscaster
1964 - Hope Davis, American actress
1965 - Richard Grieco, American actor and singer
1968 - Damon Albarn, English musician (Blur and Gorillaz)
1971 - Gail Porter, British television presenter
- Karen McDougal, American model
1972 - Judith Godrèche, French actress and author
1973 - Jerzy Dudek, Polish footballer
- Jason Kidd, American basketball player
1975 - Alydar, American racehorse (d. 1990)
1976 - Keri Russell, American actress
1978 - Nicholle Tom, American actress
1979 - Chad Dittman, American president of the Indoor Football League
- Misty Hyman, American swimmer
1983 - Jerome Thomas, English footballer

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Deaths

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1103 to 1899

1103 - Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1058)
1369 - King Peter I of Castile (b. 1334)
1548 - Itagaki Nobukata, retainer of Takeda Shingen
1555 - Pope Julius III, (b. 1487)
1559 - Emperor Gelawdewos of Ethiopia (killed in battle) (b. 1522)
1596 - Henry Unton, English diplomat
1606 - Justus Lipsius, Flemish humanist (b. 1547)
1618 - James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, Scottish politician
1653 - Johan van Galen, Dutch naval officer (b. 1604)
1680 - Nicolas Fouquet, French statesman (b. 1615)
1742 - Jean-Baptiste Dubos, French writer (b. 1670)
1747 - Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (b. 1675)
1748 - Johann Gottfried Walther, German music theorist, organist, and composer (b. 1684)
1754 - Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian (b. 1693)
1801 - Tsar Paul of Russia (b. 1754)
1842 - Stendhal, French writer (b. 1783)

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1900 to 1999

1927 - Paul César Helleu, French artist (b. 1859)
1931 - Bhagat Singh, Indian freedom fighter (b. 1907)
1960 - Franklin Pierce Adams, American newspaper columnist (b. 1881)
1964 - Peter Lorre, Hungarian-born actor (b. 1904)
1965 - Mae Murray, American actress (b. 1889)
1970 - Del Lord, Canadian director (b. 1894)
1972 - Cristóbal Balenciaga, Spanish fashion designer (b. 1895)
1979 - Orlando Letelier, Chilean ambassador to the United States (b. 1932)
1992 - Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
1994 - Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican politician (b. 1950)

[edit]

2000 onwards

2002 - Eileen Farrell, American soprano (b. 1920)
- Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (b. 1977)
2003 - Fritz Spiegl, Austrian-born journalist (b. 1926)
2004 - Rupert Hamer, Australian politician (b. 1916)

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Holidays and observances

Roman Empire - The fifth and final day of Quinquatria, held in honor of Minerva.
Roman Empire - Tubilustrium was held in honor of Mars
Ancient Latvia - Lieldienas held in honor of Mara and other goddesses
Pakistan - National Day (Republic Day)
Otago, New Zealand - Anniversary Day